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The unknown primary again
In this retrospective study of 35 patients, the authors followed a systematic protocol for the detection and management of malignant cervical lymph nodes without an apparent primary lesion. Although their one, three and five year survival results are consistent with...
Cochlear implants with an absent or hypoplastic cochlear nerve?
The cornerstone of successful cochlear implantation has been the presence of a population of cochlear nerve endings which are able to mount a neural response to electrical stimulation. The authors of this paper present their experience of five children with...
Free flap reconstruction in stage three bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis
There is no widely accepted gold standard for the treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Early BRONJ is managed conservatively but there is controversy regarding the treatment of the later stages. Stage three is defined as exposed bone...
When to operate on a patient without chronic disease?
As ENT surgeons, we spend a lot of time managing chronic rhinosinusitis, so a review and update on the management of the acute disease is always helpful. The standard medical treatment of antibiotics, nasal steroids and nasal decongestants are reported...
CT parameters in orbital wall fractures, choice of treatment, and patient outcome
This review from the Netherlands attempts to evaluate the relationship between CT parameters and the treatment that is used in clinical outcome (enophthalmos, diplopia and/or limitation in ocular movement). The authors look at fracture size, fracture location and involvement of...
Predicting outcomes in rhinology using fluid dynamic models
This article discusses the rhinological applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) – a method derived from engineering applications, such as aerodynamics. Its appeal is that it can provide simulated data on airflow velocity, pressure, resistance, temperature, humidity, heat flux and...
Herpes zoster and SSNHL
Some studies suggest that viral infections may increase the risk of a sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). The described longitudinal study explored whether herpes zoster may be a factor that increases the risk of SSNHL. Medical history in reference to...
Systemic steroid therapy for reduction of macrophage migration inhibition factor in the control of nasal polyposis
It is believed that macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates inflammation by stimulating the release of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. The use of systemic steroids in control of nasal polyposis is an established treatment. In this study the authors have aimed at...
Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery: An introduction and practical guide
This is an outstanding practical guide to head, neck, thyroid and parathyroid surgery for the trainee starting in the head and neck rotations but also preparing for board college exams such as the MRCS, FRCS or the EBEORL. The authors...
Association of diabetes mellitus type 2 with age-related changes in the larynx
Diabetes affects the body with changes in the neurological, muscular and vascular systems. It is therefore conceivable that the larynx, which is a musculoskeletal organ, can be adversely affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus. To explore this possibility, 174 Caucasian...
The future of biologics?
This paper takes a deep dive into how eosinophilia affects the responsiveness of the host to the two monoclonal antibodies mepolizumab and bendralizumab, both of which are active against IL5. We know that eosinophils are attracted and trapped into the...
